Iranian Gold Mines

Mine Name	State	Lat	Long
13 Rows	Data exported from DRC 2.0 (c) 2009 Gary Kindel
AGHDARREH	A J-E BAKHTARI	36.7	47.033333
DEHMOLLAH	SEMNAN	36.283333	54.766667
DIZEJIN	TEHRAN	36.633333	49.216667
MAZRAEH	A J-E KHAVARI	38.6	47.051944
MEYDOUK	KERMAN	30.366667	55.466667
MOUTEH	ESFAHAN	33.683333	50.7
NUKAN	KHORASAN	36.55	59.283333
QALEH ZARI	KHORASAN	31.833333	59
SAR CHESHMEH	KERMAN	29.95	55.9
SHIZ	KORDESTAN	36.233333	46.266667
SUNGUN	A J-E KHAVARI	38.683333	46.716667
TAKAB	A J-E BAKHTARI	36.5	47.05
ZARSHURAN	A J-E BAKHTARI	36.666667	47.45

Gold Mines in Virigina

List of gold mines, claims, and prospects (from Wikipedia)

Since most commercial gold activity ceased in the late 1940's, records are scant. This list is not complete. quadrangles are USGS 7.5 minute quads and the coordinates are UTM.
[edit] Mines in Buckingham County

* Anaconda mine [1]
o Quadrangle: Dillwyn
o Location: N 4,165,950 E 729,000 (Zone 17)

* Anderson mine[1]
o Quadrangle: Andersonville
o Location:N 4,149,050 E 715,050 (Zone 17)

* Apperson mine [1]
o Quadrangle: Dillwyn
o Location: N 4,160,830 E 724,830 (Zone 17)

* Bondurant mine [1]
o Quadrangle: Andersonville
o Location:N 4,147,630 E 713,180 (Zone 17)

* Buckingham (Wiseman) mine [1]
o Quadrangle: Dillwyn
o Location: N 4,158,740 E 723,820 (Zone 17)

* Burnett (Staples) mine [1]
o Quadrangle: Dillwyn
o Location: N 4,160,010 E 724,400 (Zone 17)

* Copal (Kopall) mine [1]
o Quadrangle: Andersonville
o Location: N 4,147,580 E 715,500 (Zone 17)

* Duncan mine [1]
o Quadrangle: Dillwyn
o Location: N 4,163,050 E 726,150 (Zone 17)

* Flood (James Anderson's) mine [1]
o Quadrangle: Andersonville
o Location: N 4,146.340 E 712.190 (Zone 17)

* Ford mine [1]
o Quadrangle: Diana Mills
o Location: N 4,174,840 E 730,820 (Zone 17)

* Gilliam mine [1]
o Quadrangle: Andersonville
o Location: N 4,145,400 E 711,420 (Zone 17)

* Greelsy (Ayers) mine [1]
o Quadrangle: Dillwyn
o Location: N 4,162,120 E 730,510 (Zone 17)

* Hudgins mine [2]
o Quadrangle: Arvonia
o Location: N 4,173,530 E 737,360 (Zone 17)

* Lightfoot (Cowan) mine [2]
o Quadrangle: Diana Mills
o Location: N 4,175,860 E 731,370 (Zone 17)

* London and Virginia mine [2]
o Quadrangle: Dillwyn
o Location: N 4,418,860 E 723,980 (Zone 17)

* Morrow (Booker, Garnett, Moseley) mine [2]
o Quadrangle: Willis Mountain
o Location: N 4,152,590 E 721,570 (Zone 17)

* Morton (Hobson) mine[2]
o Quadrangle: Dillwyn
o Location: N 4,166,920 E 728,800 (Zone 17)

* Philadelphia (Allen)mine [2]
o Quadrangle: Dillwyn
o Location: Near the London and Virginia mine.

* Rough and Ready mine [2]
o Quadrangle: Dillwyn
o Location:N 4,166,270 E 728,470 (Zone 17)

* Seay mine[2]
o Quadrangle: Willis Mountain
o Location:N 4,152,770 E 721,350 (Zone 17)

* Williams mine [2]
o Quadrangle: Dillwyn
o Location:N 4,158,070 E 723,130 (Zone 17)

* Willis Creek mine[2]
o Quadrangle: Andersonville
o Location:N 4,146,230 E 710,500 (Zone 17)

* Mines with insufficient data
o Piedmont mine [2]
o Walker mine [2]

[edit] Mines in Carroll County

* Woodlawn mine [3]
o Quadrangle: Woodlawn
o Location: N 4,063,540 E 515,020 (Zone 17)

[edit] Mines in Culpeper County

* Childsburg (Childsbury) mine [4]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,255,260 E 263,870 (Zone 18)

* Cromarty mine [4]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,253,500 E 264,790 (Zone 18)

* Culpeper (Hempstead) mine [4]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,250,700 E 262,790 (Zone 18)

* Dry Bottom mine [4]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,251,940 E 265,010 (Zone 18)

* Eagle mine [4]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,251,530 E 263,720 (Zone 18)

* Ellis (Eley) mine [4]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,254,840 E 264,930 (Zone 18)

* Embrey (Embry, Embry and Brooks) mine [4]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,250,230 E 263,120 (Zone 18)

* Field's mine [4]
o Quadrangle: Germanna Bridge
o Location: N 4,255,760 E 259,790 (Zone 18)

* Greeley Horace mine [5]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,251,330 E 263,520 (Zone 18)

* Hill mine [5]
o Quadrangle: Castleton
o Location: N 4,265,890 E 760,320 (Zone 17)

* Love mine [5]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,251,560 E 263,060 (Zone 18)

* Milbank (Millbank) mine [5]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: East-northeast of Richardsville, south of the Rapphannock River.

* Morganna (Morgana) mine [5]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,255,490 E 266,300 (Zone 18)

* Ricardsville mine [5]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: Near Richardsville

* Rossin's (Rossin's Mountain) mine [5]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,252,260 E 262,600 (Zone 18)

* Smith mine [5]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,250,490 E 264,450 (Zone 18)

* Urquhart mine [5]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,254,490 E 264,450 (Zone 18)

* Mines that had insufficient data
o Enterprise[4]
o Everlasting[4]
o Pennsylvania[5]

[edit] Mines in Cumberland County

* Dickey, C. S. mine [6]
o Quadrangle: Lakeside Village
o Location: N 4,175,660 E 751,780 (Zone 17)

[edit] Mines in Fairfax County

* Bull Neck (Kirk) mine [7]
o Quadrangle: Falls Church
o Location: N 4,315,060 E 307,990 (Zone 18)

[edit] Mines in Fauquier County

Fauquier County's Gold Mining Museum at Monroe Park

* Bancroft (Bancroff) mine (2 mines) [8]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,262,340 E 262,680 / N 4,261,490 E 263,260 (Zone 18)

* Cool Spring (Stringfellow) mine [8]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,260,180 E 266,920 (Zone 18)

* Embrey mine [8]
o Quadrangle: Midland
o Location: N 4,264,900 E 264,190 (Zone 18)

* Emigold mine [8]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: Near Goldvein, Va

* Franklin (Deep Run) mine[8]
o Quadrangle: Midland
o Location: 4,264,710 E 267,970 (Zone 18)
o First mine in the county, opened in 1825.

* Gamewood mine [8]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,261,890 (Zone 18)

* Johnston mine [8]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,256,800 E 268,140 (Zone 18)

* Kelly (Kelley)mine [8]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,260,340 E 260,100 (Zone 18)

* Kidwell mine [9]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,258,130 E 260,830 (Zone 18)

* Kirk mine [9]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,264,060 E 267,680 (Zone 18)

* Liberty mine [9]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,259,310 E 266,380 (Zone 18)

* Liepold (Leopold, Stone) mine [9]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,263,940 E 263,970 (Zone 18)

* Little Elliot mine [9]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,260,450 E 266,450 (Zone 18)

* Pine View mine [9]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,259,640 E 265,380 (Zone 18)

* Pollard (Polland) mine [9]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,261,520 E 261,360 (Zone 18)

* Randolph (Sugar) mine [10]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,260,940 E 266,210 (Zone 18)

* Union mine [10]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,258,030 E 265,730 (Zone 18)

* Waterman mine [10]
o Quadrangle: Midland
o Location: N 4,264,470 E 267,570 (Zone 18)

* Wykoff (Wycoff, Quartz) mine [10]
o Quadrangle: Richardsville
o Location: N 4,263,020 E 266,640 (Zone 18)

[edit] Mines in Floyd County

* Black Run mine [11]
o Quadrangle: Floyd
o Location: About 4.5 miles (7.2 km) northwest of Floyd, in the stream bed of Black run (unable to locate), which empties into Little River, off the northwest side of State Highway 8.

* Brush Creek mine [11]
o Quadrangle: Pilot
o Location: N 4,100,810 E 561,200 (Zone 17)

* Laurel Creek mine [11]
o Quadrangle: Pilot
o Location: N 4,097,270 E 560,250 (Zone 17)

* McAlexander, Lester (Luster) mine [11]
o Quadrangle: Alum Ridge
o Location: About 4.5 miles (7.2 km) northeast of Alum Ridge, just off the west side of State Road 617 appoximately 0.75 miles (1.21 km) by road north of its intersection with State Highway 8.

[edit] Mines in Fluvanna County

* Bartlett mine [12]
o Quadrangle: Columbia
o Location: About 5.0 miles (8.0 km) north of Columbia on Bartlett Branch, a tributary off the east side of Byrd Creek, approximately 0.5 miles (.08 km) nortwest of the intersection of Byrd Creek (at old Bowles bridge) with State Road 605.

* Bowles mine [12]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,194,540 E 755,890 (Zone 17)

* Cassell's mine [12]
o Quadrangle: Columbia
o Location: N 4,191,490 E 751,390 (Zone 17)

* Cocke mine [12]
o Quadrangle: Columbia
o Location: N 4,188,600 E 751,060 (Zone 17)

* Fountain mine [12]
o Quadrangle: Columbia
o Location: N 4,189,630 E 751,990 (Zone 17)

* Hughes mine [12]
o Quadrangle: Palmyra
o Location: N 4,185,510 E 738,510 (Zone 17)

* Jennings mine [12]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,191,320 E 753,710 (Zone 17)

* Marks, Lemuel mine [12]
o Quadrangle: Columbia
o Location: N 4,190,560 E 752,960 (Zone 17)

* McGloam mine [12]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,193,320 E 754,840 (Zone 17)

* Mosby mine [12]
o Quadrangle: Columbia
o Location: N 4,190,110 E 752,590 (Zone 17)

* Page mine [12]
o Quadrangle: Columbia
o Location: N 4,192,390 E 743,960 (Zone 17)
o Previous User contribution:(Believe this should be the "Long Island Mine", named after the Long Island Creek in Fluvanna where it was located. It was established by George Pace in the 1830's, and thus is also commonly called "the Pace Mine".)

* Prospect A [13]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,190,920 E 753,780 (Zone 17)

* Prospect B [13]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,190,420 E 753,680 (Zone 17)

* Scotia (Hodges vein) mine [13]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,190,740 E 754,090 (Zone 17)

* Scotia (Perkins, Telluruim Vein) mine [13]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,191,920 E 754,410 (Zone 17)

* Shaw (2 mines) mine [13]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,194,260 E 755,130 / N 4,195,130 E 755,150 (Zone 17)

* Snead mine [13]
o Quadrangle: Palmyra
o Location: N 4,184,760 E 741,590 (Zone 17)

* Stockton Tunnel mine [13]
o Quadrangle: Columbia
o Location: N 4,193,840 E 744,450 (Zone 17)

* Tellurium mine [13]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,192,220 E 754,650 (Zone 17)

* Mines that had insufficient data
o Chalk Level[12]

[edit] Mines in Goochland County

* Atmore (Admore) mine [14]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,188,140 E 754,470 (Zone 17)

* Belzord (Belzora, Belzow) mine [14]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,188,850 E 756,170 (Zone 17)

* Benton mine [14]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,194,810 E 758,690 (Zone 17)

* Bertha and Edith (2 mines) mine [14]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia / Columbia
o Location: N 4,185,880 E 753,100 / N 4,187,300 E 753,100 (Zone 17)

* Big Bird mine [15]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,188,670 E 756,130 (Zone 17)

* Bowles (Boles) mine [15]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,192,580 E 755,360 (Zone 17)

* Busby (Busbee, Groom) mine [15]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,193,110 E 756,980 (Zone 17)

* Chatlier mine [15]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,191,720 E 754,900 (Zone 17)

* Collins mine [15]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,189,130 E 757,160 (Zone 17)
o the first gold mine in Goochland county

* Dillard mine [15]
o Quadrangle: Columbia
o Location: About 2.65 miles (4.27 km) northeast of Columbia, along the west side of Byrd Creek, 0.55 mile (.88 km) north of State Road 667 from a point approximately 0.35 mile (0.56 km) by State Road 667 west of its crossing over Byrd Creek.

* Duke mine [15]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,188,670 E 755,580 (Zone 17)

* Eades mine [15]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,188,670 E 756,130 (Zone 17)

* Fisher mine [15]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,191,260 E 755,750 (Zone 17)

* Fleming (Hodge's) mine [15]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,194,730 E 759,000 (Zone 17)

* Goochland mine [15]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: Around the headwaters of Little Byrd Creek.

* Grannison (2 mines) mine [16]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,189,060 E 754,030 / N 4,188,690 E 754,520 (Zone 17)

* Johnson, David mine [16]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,190,000 E 756,490 (Zone 17)

* Kent (2 mines) mine [16]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,187,970 E 753,750 / N 4,187,600 E 753,750 (Zone 17)

* Laury mine [16]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,188,670 E 756,130 (Zone 17)

* Marks, Lancelot mine [16]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,188,670 E 756,130 (Zone 17)

* Massachusetts mine [16]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: Within 0.5 mile (0.8 km) of the Terllurium mine.

* Morgan (Robert Hughes) mine [16]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,189,370 E 755,920 (Zone 17)

* Moss mine [16]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,192,720 E 756,450 (Zone 17)

* Omohundro mine [17]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,190,320 E 756,260 (Zone 17)

* Payne mine [17]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,193,690 E 757,620 (Zone 17)

* Prospect A [17]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,193,280 E 756,590 (Zone 17)

* Prospect B [17]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,193,100 E 756,280 (Zone 17)

* Prospect C [17]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,192,250 E 755,480 (Zone 17)

* Pryor (Pryer) mine [17]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,192,230 E 757,230 (Zone 17)

* Ruth [17]
o Quadrangle: Columbia
o Location: About 2.7 miles (2.33 km) northeast of Columbia, along and on both sides of a stream flowing southward and near its confluence with Byrd Creek, about 0.65 mile (1.05 km) north of State Road 667 from a point approximately 0.35 mile (0.56 km) by road west of its crossing over Byrd Creek.

* Shannon Hill mine [17]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,195,680 E 760,100 (Zone 17)

* Tellurium (Fisher, Hughes, Red) mine [17]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,192,420 E 755,030 (Zone 17)
o where it is believed that the first stamp mill in the U.S. operated

* Thompson, John mine [17]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,189,530 E 756,340 (Zone 17)

* Toler mine [18]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,188,720 E 755,900 (Zone 17)

* Waller mine [18]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,193,910 E 759,090 (Zone 17)

* Young American (Gilmer, Gilmore) (2 mines) mine [18]
o Quadrangle: Caledonia
o Location: N 4,190,010 E 756,240 / N 4,189,900 E 756,010 (Zone 17)

* Mines that had insufficient data
o Argus mine [14]
o Banks mine [14]
o Johnson, Benjamin mine [16]
o Manning mine [16]
o McGee mine [16]
o Moon Sea mine [16]
o Nicholas mine [16]
o Pace mine [17]
o Richmond mine [17]
o Taugus mine [17]
o Tyler mine [18]
o Walters mine [18]

[edit] Mines in Halifax County

* Luce and Howard (Howard, Tallyhill) mine [19]
o Quadrangle: Nelson
o Location: N 4,052,860 E 701,730 (Zone 17)

* Poole and Harris (Pool) mine [19]
o Quadrangle: Nelson
o Location: N 4,050,120 E 701,770 (Zone 17)

* Red Bank (Goldbank) mine [19]
o Quadrangle: Nelson
o Location: N 4,052,590 E 701,700 (Zone 17)

[edit] Mines in Loudoun County

* Loudoun mine [20]
o Quadrangle: Harpers Ferry
o Location: About2.3 miles (3.7 km) north-northwest of Lovettsville, on the right bank of Dutchman Creek where it empties into the Potomac River.

[edit] Mines in Louisa County

* Allah Cooper (Ali Cooper, Valcooper, Alley-Cooper) mine [21]
o Quadrangle: Lake Anna West
o Location: N 4,217,670 E 249,180 (Zone 18)

* Belden mine [21]
o Quadrangle: Mineral
o Location: N 4,211,570 E 249,180 (Zone 18)

* Bibb mine [21]
o Quadrangle: Mineral
o Location: N 4,210,130 E 246,440 (Zone 18)

* Boxley's mine [21]
o Quadrangle: Lake Anna West
o Location: About 5.4 miles (8.6 km) northeast of Mineral, just north of and now in the flooded area of Contrary Creek, just west of its intersection with State Road 652.

* Chick mine [21]
o Quadrangle: Mineral
o Location: N 4,210,880 E 246,880 (Zone 18)

* Cooper mine [21]
o Quadrangle: Mineral
o Location: N 4,213,140 E 245,430 (Zone 18)

* Harris mine [21]
o Quadrangle: Mineral
o Location: N 4,210,310 E 246,560 (Zone 18)

* Jenkins mine [21]
o Quadrangle: Lake Anna West
o Location: N 4,216,520 E 248,960 (Zone 18)

* Lett mine [21]
o Quadrangle: Mineral
o Location: N 4,212,080 E 244,880 (Zone 18)

* Louisa mine [21]
o Quadrangle: Pendleton
o Location: N 4,207,490 E 245,280 (Zone 18)

* Luce mine [21]
o Quadrangle: Pendleton
o Location: N 4,208,410 E 245,260 (Zone 18)

* MacDonald mine [21]
o Quadrangle: Pendleton
o Location: N 4,209,180 E 242,560 (Zone 18)

* Morriston mine [22]
o Quadrangle: Mineral
o Location: N 4,210,720 E 246,800 (Zone 18)

* New Luce mine [22]
o Quadrangle: Pendleton
o Location: N 4,209,020 E 245,670 (Zone 18)

* Proffit mine [22]
o Quadrangle: Pendleton
o Location: N 4,206,950 E 243,670 (Zone 18)

* Ricswan mine [22]
o Quadrangle: Pendleton
o Location: N 4,207,690 E 244,490 (Zone 18)

* Slate Hill mine [22]
o Quadrangle: Pendleton
o Location: N 4,207,930 E 244,740 (Zone 18)

* Stockton mine [22]
o Quadrangle: Mineral
o Location: N 4,210,780 E 246,780 (Zone 18)

* Thomasson's mine [22]
o Quadrangle: Pendleton
o Location: N 4,205,840 E 242,640 (Zone 18)

* Tinder (Tinder Flats) mine [22]
o Quadrangle: Lake Anne West
o Location: N 4,216,660 E 248,020 (Zone 18)

* Triple Fork mine [22]
o Quadrangle: Mineral
o Location: About 1.15 miles (1.85 km) north of mineral, 0.525 mile (0.845 km) off the northwest side od US.S. Highway 522 approximately 0.675 mile (1.087 km) bt road northeast of its intersection with State Road 667.

* Twin Vein mine [22]
o Quadrangle: Pendleton
o Location: About 2.0 to 3.0 miles (3.2 to 4.8 km) southwest of Mineral; according to the Spotsylvania County Deed Books, the mine is located on the old R.E. Dolan property known as the Louisa Gold Company Land tract comprising 766 arces, which includes the Waddy tract and the 104 acre Waldorf tract; near the property of Lewis Thomasson on and along the old Richmond Road (U.S. Highway 33)

* Walnut Grove mine [22]
o Quadrangle: Pendleton
o Location: N 4,205,640 E 242,480 (Zone 18)

* Walton mine [23]
o Quadrangle: Mineral
o Location: N 4,212,810 E 245,180 (Zone 18)

* Warren Hill mine [23]
o Quadrangle: -
o Location: On the "Fisher Lode"

* Mines by another user contributions
o Armenious mine, located somewhere near Mineral, location uncertain
o Dolan mine
o Hemmer mine, located about .5 miles (0.80 km) north of Mineral
o Hunter prospect, located about .2 miles (0.32 km) NW of Mineral south of SR-22
o Josh mine, located about 1-mile (1.6 km) SW of Yanceyville

[edit] Mines in Montgomery County

* Brush Creek mine [24]
o Quadrangle: Pilot
o Location: N 4,100,370 E 560,420 (Zone 17)

[edit] Mines in Orange County

* Ambler mine [25]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,244,510 E 260,150 (Zone 18)

* Dickey mine [25]
o Quadrangle: Mine Run
o Location: N 4,240,540 E 249,650 (Zone 18)

* Gordon's, H (2 mines) mine [25]
o Quadrangle: -
o Location: N 4,247,870 E 258,640 / N 4,247,540 E 258,480 (Zone 18)

* Grasty mine [25]
o Quadrangle: Mine Run
o Location: N 4,240,470 E 249,470 (Zone 18)

* Greenwood (Laird) mine [25]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,247,180 E 261,930 (Zone 18)

* Jones mine [25]
o Quadrangle: Mine Run
o Location: N 4,248,500 E 254,140 (Zone 18)

* Melville (Rapidan) mine [25]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,249,140 E 261,930 (Zone 18)

* Old Tinder mine [26]
o Quadrangle: Mine Run
o Location: N 4,240,350 E 249,370 (Zone 18)

* Orange Grove mine [26]
o Quadrangle: Mine Run
o Location: N 4,246,420 E 258,070 (Zone 18)

* Partridge mine [26]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,248,830 E 259,860 (Zone 18)

* Prospect A mine [26]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,244,790 E 260,390 (Zone 18)

* Saunders (2 mines) mine [26]
o Quadrangle: Lahore
o Location: N 4,235,290 E 245,470 (Zone 18)

* Seldon mine [26]
o Quadrangle: Lahore
o Location: N 4,235,330 E 248,270 (Zone 18)

* Somerville mine [26]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: Just west of Wilderness.

* Stuart mine [26]
o Quadrangle: Lahore
o Location: N 4,234,870 E 242,930 (Zone 18)

* Vaucluse (Grimes, Grymes)(2 mines) mine [26]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,248,390 E 261,560 / N 4,248,220 E 261,430 / N 4,248,110 E 261,390 (Zone 18)

* Wilderness mine [27]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,246,430 E 261,240 (Zone 18)

* Woodman mine [27]
o Quadrangle: Mine Run
o Location: Lower Orange County

* Woodville mine [27]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,246,140 E 260,630 (Zone 18)

* Young mine [27]
o Quadrangle: Lahore
o Location: N 4,234,670 E 245,020 (Zone 18)


* Mines with insufficient data
o Randolph mine [26]

[edit] Mines in Patrick County

* Polebridge Creek mine [28]
o Quadrangle: Patrick Springs
o Location: N 4,064,570 E 576,340 (Zone 17)

[edit] Mines in Prince William County

* Cabin Branch (Dumfries) mine [29]
o Quadrangle: Patrick Springs
o Location: N 4,271,980 E 295,420 (Zone 18)

* Crawford (Neabsco Creek) mine [29]
o Quadrangle: Quantico
o Location: N 4,277,360 E 299,620 (Zone 18)

* Greenwood Gold Mine[29]
o Quadrangle: Independent Hill
o Location: N 4,278,360 E 288,260 (Zone 18)

[edit] Mines in Spotsylvania County

* Anderson's mine [30]
o Quadrangle: Belmont
o Location: About 30. miles (4.8 km) southwest of Parker, probaboly on Robertson Run, 3 to 4 miles (4.8 to 6.4 km) west of the Old Shady Grove church.

* Beazley mine [30]
o Quadrangle: Belmont
o Location: N 4,236,840 E 258,660 (Zone 18)

* Bell mine [30]
o Quadrangle: Salem Church
o Location: N 4,246,140 E 274,320 (Zone 18)

* Brinton mine [30]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,248,350 E 269,930 (Zone 18)

* Faws Tract mine [30]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: About 14.0 miles west of Fredericksburg, near the old Wilderness Tavern, southwest of the Greenwood mine.

* Furnace mine [30]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,240,960 E 267,950 (Zone 18)

* Gardiner mine [30]
o Quadrangle: Salem Church
o Location: N 4,245,730 E 271,870 (Zone 18)

* Goodwyn (Goodwins, Pocahontas) mine [30]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,244,820 E 254,030 (Zone 18)

* Grindstone Hill mine [30]
o Quadrangle: Belmont
o Location: N 4,230,790 E 257,780 (Zone 18)

* Higgins (Huggin's) mine [30]
o Quadrangle: Brokenburg
o Location: On Upper Po River, near the Whitehall mine.

* Horde mine [30]
o Quadrangle: Salem Church
o Location: Near the United States Ford at confluence of Rapidan and Rappahannock Rivers.

* Hunting Run mine [31]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,246,630 E 267,790 (Zone 18)

* Johnston's (Johnston) mine [31]
o Quadrangle: Belmont
o Location: N 4,229,740 E 258,440 (Zone 18)

* Julian mine [31]
o Quadrangle: Salem Church
o Location: Tract lies near southwest bank of the Rappahannock River.

* Knapp (New Dominion) mine [31]
o Quadrangle: Belmont
o Location: N 4,224,810 E 254,260 (Zone 18)

* Marsden mine [31]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville

Location: N 4,240,150 E 262,150 (Zone 18)

* Mitchell (Old Dominion, Emily) mine [31]
o Quadrangle: Belmont
o Location: N 4,228,700 E 256,340 (Zone 18)

* Mott mine [31]
o Quadrangle: Salem Church
o Location: N 4,244,630 E 275,710 (Zone 18)

* New Grindstone mine [31]
o Quadrangle: Belmont
o Location: N 4,231,210 E 256,780 (Zone 18)

* Powell's (Powells, Jerdones) mine [31]
o Quadrangle: Brokenburg
o Location: N 4,232,270 E 259,440 (Zone 18)

* Prospect A [31]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,243,350 E 266,790 (Zone 18)

* Prospect B [31]
o Quadrangle: Belmont
o Location: N 4,230,750 E 256,550 (Zone 18)

* Quaker mine [32]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: N 4,238,590 E 265,430 (Zone 18)

* Ramsey mine [32]
o Quadrangle: Salem Church
o Location: N 4,246,850 E 274,860 (Zone 18)

* Randolph mine [32]
o Quadrangle: Brokenburg
o Location: N 4,236,570 E 261,310 (Zone 18)

* Rawlings mine [32]
o Quadrangle: Belmont
o Location: N 4,231,450 E 257,010 (Zone 18)

* Roney mine [32]
o Quadrangle: Belmont
o Location: N 4,232,650 E 258,130 (Zone 18)

* Smith mine [32]
o Quadrangle: Salem Church
o Location: N 4,245,370 E 273,670 (Zone 18)

* Starrs (Stajar's Stairs) mine [32]
o Quadrangle: Belmont
o Location: N 4,225,110 E 254,060 (Zone 18)

* Trigg mine [32]
o Quadrangle: Chancellorsville
o Location: Near Brockville (now Bockroad), According to Spotsylvania County Deed books, the old mine is located near Stephens Station on the south side of the Old Potomac, Piedmoont and Fredricksburg Railway; a tract of appoximately 158 acres bounded by lands of Oscar Todd, George Rowe Welford and Alexander B. Hawkins.

* UNITED STATES (Welford) mine [32]
o Quadrangle: Salem Church
o Location: N 4,248,480 E 270,940 (Zone 18)

* Valzinco (Halladay, Holloday) mine [33]
o Quadrangle: Belmont
o Location: N 4,228,850 E 254,940 (Zone 18)

* Whitehall mine [33]
o Quadrangle: Brokenburg
o Location: N 4,235,680 E 260,320 (Zone 18)

* Mines with insufficient data
o Donnings mine [30]
o Gold Flat mine [30]
o Marshall mine [31]
o Pulliam (Pullman) mine [32]
o Quisenberry mine [32]
o Spotsylvania mine [32]

DRC 2.0 Update - Build 2.028 is Available

Hi everyone:

I just released an update to Digital Rockhound's companion version 2.0.
Two minor enhancements.

• Replaced Data Combo box on Collecting Locations and Mineral Collection screens so the auto-complete feature works smoother.
• Rearranged Collecting Locations screen to make it more visually appealing.

Existing customers can automatically download this update using DRC 2.0

Link to the update is here:





Full revision history


This update is free to all current users of DRC 2.0.
I have sent email notification to all current users, however if you feel you should get this update and did not receive an email please contact me Gary Kindel.

Gary Kindel

Haile Gold Mine, Near Kershaw South Carolina

Data exported from DRC 2.0 (c) 2009 Gary Kindel
Mine:	HAILE MINE
City:		Mine ID:	169022
County	Lancaster	Seq Nbr:	0450570013
State	SOUTH CAROLINA	Latitude	34.58
Country	USA	Longitude	-80.561667
Alternate Mine Names
Topographic Map
Map Name		Map Scale	250' Quad Map
KERSHAW		7.5 MIN	SPARTANSBURG
Map Coordinates
Meridian	Township	Range	Section	Sub Section
Zone	Hemisphere	Northing	Easting
17	N	3826359	540203
Geology and Ore Deposit Information
Deposit Model	Deposit Type	Deposit Size	Deposit Age	Deposit Form
	UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS		CRET-PALEO	M
Deposit Desc:
Local Structure
Non-Ore Minerals
Ore Minerals	KAOLIN
Mineral Occurrences
Mineral Species		Variety	Strunz	Frequency
ANKERITE		Not specified	5/B.03-20	Reported
ARSENOPYRITE		Not specified	2/D.22-10	Reported
CALCITE		Not specified	5/B.02-20	Reported
CASSITERITE		Not Specified	4/D.02-40	Reported
CHALCOPYRITE		Not Specified	2/C.03-10	Reported
EPIDOTE		Not specified	8/C.23-20	Reported
GALENA		Not specified	2/C.15-40	Reported
GOLD		NATIVE	1/A.01-40	Reported
GOLD		Not Specified	1/A.01-40	Reported
ILMENITE		Not specified	4/C.05-20	Reported
KAOLINITE		Not Specified	8/H.25-10	Reported
KYANITE		Not specified	8/B.02-40	Reported
MARCASITE		Not specified	2/D.20-10	Reported
MARGARITE		Not specified	8/H.12-40	Reported
MOLYBDENITE		Not Specified		Reported
PYRITE		Not Specified	2/D.17-30	Reported
PYRRHOTITE		Not specified	2/C.19-20	Reported
QUARTZ		Not Specified	4/D.01-10	Reported
RUTILE		Not specified	4/D.02-10	Reported
SPHALERITE		Not Specified	2/C.01-10	Reported
TALC		Not specified	8/H.09-40	Reported
TOPAZ		Not specified	8/B.02-70	Reported

10,000 Visitor!

When I started this blog in November 2008, I had no idea on how much web traffic it would generate. But here we are ~13 months later....

Origin of Keokuk Geodes - Dr. Francis M. Van Tuyl

THE ORIGIN OF THE GEODES OF THE KEOKUK BEDS.
By Francis M. Van Tuyl.

Pages 169, 170, 171, 172


PROBABLY nowhere else in America do geodes attain such an exceptional development as in the Keokuk beds of the Central Mississippi Valley, and representative specimens of geodes from this region are now found in the mineral cabinets of many of the museums of the world. Apart from Professor Brush's preliminary examination and description of a few select specimens submitted to him in 1865 by A. H. Worthcn, then director of the Geological Survey of Illinois, no study of these remarkable geodes has ever been made in spite of the fact that they bear a variety of metallic sulphides and promise to throw some light upon the origin of more important deposits of these minerals in sedimentary rocks showing no signs of igneous influence. The following brief report on their characteristics may therefore seem justified.
Occurrence.
The typical geode area is located in Southeastern Iowa and adjacent parts of Northeastern Missouri and Western Illinois. The most famous localities for geodes in this region are Keokuk and Lowell in Iowa ; Wayland and St. Francisville in Missouri; and Warsaw and Niota in Illinois.
The age and stratigraphic relations of the geode-bearing beds are shown in tlie accompanying table:

The geodes attain their maximum development in the Geode bed but some layers of the Keokuk limestone are geodiferous locally.
The Geode bed consists in its typical development of an impure, siliceous, dolomitic limestone at the base, usually containing large and well-developed geodes, followed by an argillaceous shale with more numerous but less perfectly developed geodes. Each subdivision is about twenty feet in thickness.
The composition of the lower subdivision of the Geode bed where it contains large and well-formed geodes at Keokuk, Iowa, is as follows:
Insoluble matter (largely free silica) 33'80<£
Fe,O, + A1,O, ". 2-80
CaCO, 39-99
MgCO, 12-50
Moisture and carbonaceous matter 7'70
Undetermined . 3-21
Total 100-00
In size the geodes range from about •2cm up to 75cm§ in diameter. But well-developed geodes of either extreme are rarely found. In general, the geodes of a given layer do not vary greatly in size at a given locality, but there may be considerable variation in this respect at different levels in the same exposure. Moreover, there may be marked changes in their dimensions at the same level at different localities. Often geodes of similar size are arranged roughly in bands parallel to the stratification. They usually lie with their longest diameter parallel to the bedding-planes, and at some localities they are closely associated with calcareous concretions of similar shape and size.
Ihe abundance of the geodes in the geodiferous phase of the Keokuk formation is quite variable both laterally and vertically. At times they are so numerous in a given layer that their freedom of growth has been interfered with, and they are thus of very irregular shape; At other times, they may be so sparsely distributed through the rock that none may appear in an outcrop embracing several square yards. Again they may be absolutely wanting at some localities. The proportion of well-developed geodes in the beds varies greatly at different localities ranging from less than ten per cent at some places to more than ninety per cent at others.
As to the mineralogical relationship of the geodes to the containing rock, it is found that at any given locality each geodiferous layer as a rule bears geodes which are closely related among themselves, but which may be mineralogically unlike those from other layers. But sometimes closely placed specimens in the same layer may bear very different minerals.
The contact relations of the geodes with the containing rock are not such as to indicate appreciable expansion during their formation. At no place is the inclosing rock found to be under any strain, nor is there any evidence of deformation of the layers at the contact. Rather the layers end abruptly where they abut into the geodes or exhibit a thinning where they pass immediately over or under them. The calcareous concretions which occur in the beds at some localities exhibit a similar relationship.
The extent of the geodes in the rock back from the outcrop is worthy of consideration. Bassler,* in his discussion of the geodes of the Knobstone shales of Kentucky and Indiana, calls attention to the impervious nature of shale and inclines to the view that the geodes of that formation are confined to the surface or the immediate neighborhood of joint planes or rifts in the strata through which water had easy access. Such a relationship does not seem to hold for the geodes of the Keokuk beds.
Mineralogy of the Geodts.
Mineralogically, the geodes are almost invariably siliceous but a few calcareous geodes have been found. The siliceous types are characterized without exception by a thin outer shell of chalcedony and this is usually followed inwardly by crystalline quartz, but calcite may succeed the chalcedony. In some instances, however, the interior is lined with botryoidal chalcedony and no crystalline quartz nor calcite appears. At other times these minerals may all occur in a single geode, but usually only quartz and calcite or chalcedony and calcite are present. In addition the interior linings of the geodes are frequently studied with dolomite or ankerite, and one or more metallic sulphides are often represented. Moreover, some hollow siliceous geodes contain water, and in the vicinity of Niota, Illinois, many specimens are filled with black viscous bitumen. Finally others contain kaolin in the form of flocculent, white powder.
The primary minerals found in the geodes are: quartz, chalcedony, calcite, aragonite, dolomite, ankerite, magnetite, hematite, pyrite, millerite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, kaolin, and bitumen. The alteration products represented are : limonite, smithsonite, malachite and gypsnm.
With reference to the paragenesis, or order of deposition of the primary minerals, no constant order of succession holds for all geodes, and the same order of deposition may not obtain in two adjacent specimens.
*Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. XMV, p. 133 ff.
For the purpose of illustrating the variations in the succession of the primary minerals in the geodes, the order of deposition in a number of typical specimens is given. The chalcedony of the shell is listed first in each case.
1. Chalcedony, quartz.
2. Chalcedony, quartz, chalcedony.
3. Chalcedony, quartz, chalcedony, quartz, ehalcedony,
pyrite, calcite with included pyrite.
4. Chalcedony, quartz, chalcedony, pyrite, calcite.
5. Chalcedony, quartz, chalcedony, pyrite, sphalerite.
6. Chalcedonj', quartz, dolomite, calcite.
7. Chalcedony, quartz, magnetite, hematite
8. Chalcedony, calcite, calcite.
9. Chalcedony, calcite, millerite.
10. Chalcedony, quartz, ankerite, calcite, aragonite.
11. Chalcedony, quartz, calcite, bitumen.
12. Chalcedony, calcite with included chalcopyrite.
13. Chalcedony, quartz, pyrite, magnetite.
14. Chalcedony, chalcedony, sphalerite.
First, then, in the development of the siliceous geodes there was formed a thin chalcedonic shell. Upon this is superimposed quartz, either in the crystalline or chalcedonic condition, or calcite. It is a remarkable fact that when calcite and quartz appear in the same specimen the calcite is normally subsequent to the quartz, which rests directly on the siliceous shell. This relationship, first pointed out by Professor Brush,* lias been found to hold in every instance by the writer, but A. H. Worthen claims to have found a single specimen at Keokuk "in which large crystals of calcite are partly covered with smaller crystals of quartz."f
The alternation of crystalline quartz and chalcedony in some of the geodes is difficult to account for. If the layers were all formed during one period of growth as seems probable, changes in the condition and amount of silica supplied may have given rise to the phenomenon. Changes in temperature or pressure cannot be appealed to, because adjacent quartz geodes in the strata frequently do not show the same alternations.
The position of calcite in the geodes is subject to many variations. At times it succeeds the chalcedonic shell directly, but more often it rests upon an inner lining of quartz or chalcedony. In some of the geodes, calcite of two generations appears. The earlier calcite is often discolored brownish, and is frequently associated with or directly followed by sphalerite, millerite, chalcopyrite or pyrite. Intervening between this calcite and that of younger age, crystals of dolomite orankerite are also sometimes found.
* Geological Survey of Illinois, vol. i, p. 90, 1868. f Idem, p. 90.
Origin of the Geodes.
The origin of the geodes of the Keokuk beds has long been a disputed question, and, although there has been considerable speculation upon the subject, no one theory of their development has, as yet, been widely held.
The existence of perfectly developed geodes in strata often very impervious to underground circulation furnishes a problem which is exceedingly difficult to solve. The containing rock in the Keoknk region is often highly argillaceous and no structures which might serve as passage ways for mineralizing solutions are to be seen.
It was formerly believed that the geodes were formed by the deposition of mineral matter on the walls of cavities formed by the solution of sponges imbedded in the rocks. Thus, Dana states: *
"They have been supposed to occupy the centers of sponges that were at some time hollowed out by siliceous solutions, like the hollowed corals of Florida, and then lined with crystals by deposition from the same or some other mineral solution."
This theory has had many followers and S. J. Wallace has even gone so far as to coin a generic name for the sponge whose solution is supposed to have afforded the cavities in which the geodes were developed.! To this genus, called Biopalla, eight species were referred upon the basis of difference in size, shape, and surface markings of the geodes. The sponge hypothesis, however, is not now widely held. No evidence of sponges capable of giving rise to geodes have ever been found in the Keokuk beds. Moreover, the geodes vary widely in size and shape, a fact which argues strongly against any theory which presupposes such an origin. Many specimens are nodular and irregularities of the greatest variety characterize their exterior form. It may safely be said that no two of them assume exactly the same proportions. ,
Professor Shaler, in a paper entitled "Formation of Dikes and Veins,"J also devotes some space to the development of geodes and, although his studies were based upon geodes known to be of fossil origin which occur in the Knobstone shales of Kentucky, his conclusions may well be considered at this point:
•Manual of Geology, 4th ed., pp. 97, 98, 1895.
fThis Journal (3), vol. xv, p. 366 S., 1878.
JBull. Qeol. Soc. Am., vol. x, p. 253 S., 1899.
"Normal geodes are hollow spheroids and are generally found in shales. They clearly represent, in most cases, a segregation of silica, which has evidently taken place under conditions of no very great heat, brought about by deep burial beneath sediments or other sources of temperature. It is difficult in all cases to observe the eircumstances of their origin, but in certain instructive instances this can be traced. It is there as follows : Where in a bed in which the conditions have permitted the formation of geodes the calyx of a crinoid occurs, the planes of junction of the several plates of which it is composed may become the seat of vein-building. As the process advances these plates are pushed apart and in course of time enwrapped by the silica until the original sphere may attain many times its original diameter and all trace of its origin lost to view, though it may be more or less clearly revealed by breaking the mass.
In the process of enlargement which the geodes undergo they evidently provide the space for their storage by compressing the rock in which they are formed. In the rare instances where I have been able to clearly observe them in their original position they were evidently cramped against the country rock, the layers of which they had condensed and more or less deformed. Although when found upon the talus slopes or the soil these spheres usually contain no water in their central cavities, these spaces are filled with the fluid while they are forming and so long as they are deeply buried. There can be no doubt that this water is under a considerable though variable pressure.
The conditions of formation of spheroidal veins or geodes clearly indicate that an apparently solid mass of crystalline structure may be in effect easily permeated by vein-building waters, and this when the temperature and pressure could not have been great. It is readily seen that the walls of these hollow spheres grow interstitially while at the same time the crystals projecting from the inner side of the shell grow toward the center. We, therefore, have to recognize the fact that the silexbearing water penetrated through the dense wall. In many of these spherical veins we may note that the process of growth in the interior of the spheres have been from time to time interrupted and again resumed. These changes may be due to the variations in pressure to which the water in the cavities is necessarily subjected as the conditions of its passage through the geode-bearing zone are altered."
More recently Bassler has written* on the formation of the Knobstone geodes. He says:
"The majority of geodes in the Knobgtone group may be traced directly or indirectly to a crinoidal origin for the simple reason that these strata are often crosvded with the fragments of this class of organisms. Probably next in order as a geode maker is th* common brachiopod Athyris lamellosa, but no class of fossil is exempt from replacement by silica when the proper conditions obtain."
* Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxxv, p. 133 ff., 1908.
Bassler is of the opinion that the Keokuk geodes may have the same mode of origin as those of the Knobstone. But he disagrees with Shaler as to the details of geode development. Thus:
"Returning to the suggestion in Dana's Manual of Geology that the Keokuk geodes are hollowed out sponges lined with cryHtals it seems more reasonable, in view of the absence of such sponges in that formation and the presence of numerous specimens indicating the origin described above, that the latter is nearer the troth. Prof. Shaler's idea that this class of geodes is formed when deeply buried is not in accord with the facts, nor does there appear to be any necessity for the water of formation to be under a considerable though variable pressure. Ordinary surface waters charged with silica seem to be sufficient."
This generalization in so far as it relates to the geodes of the Keokuk beds in the region studied, would seem to be too broad. Out of several thousand geodes examined from the Keokuk beds only one, which had plainly been formed by the enlargement of a specimen of the crinoid Jiarycrinus, showed evidence of this method of geodization.
The origin of the Keoknk geodes in the region studied is believed by the writer to be related to the calcareous concretions which originally must have been very abundant in the beds and which are still preserved at some localities. These nodules, being more soluble than the inclosing rocks, have been in large part removed, thus affording cavities iu which the geodes could be formed. Where still preserved, the concretions have exactly the same relationship to the containing rock as the geodes and possess analogous shapes. They were obviously formed on the sea-bottom while the strata were being deposited, since lines of stratification do not pass through them and no evidence of expansion is encountered about their borders. The process of solution seems to have started in the interior and proceeded outwards. That this was the method of removal is indicated by the occurrence, in the beds, of some geodic nodules whose interiors were only partially hollowed out when deposition began. Carbonic acid and sulphuric acid, of which the latter must have been generated by the decomposition of the pyrite so common in the beds, were probably the most active solvents.
The white powder of kaolin found in some of the geodes is thought to represent, at least in part, a residual product resulting from the leaching of the original argillaceous content of the nodules. That kaolin can be so formed is clearly indicated by the presence of this mineral so related to impurities in some of the nodules that its derivation cannot be questioned. The more common occurrence of kaolin in the geodes from the more argillaceous portion of the beds is significant in this connection. Moreover, the great majority of the geodes which contain kaolin are imperfectly developed and the calcite of such specimens invariably includes the white powder of this mineral. These facts strongly support the idea that the kaolin must be a residual product.
Concerning the time of formation of the geodes, little is definitely known. The removal of the calcareous nodules which, it is assumed, preceded the geodes, implies an interval of solvent action during which the Keokuk beds were above ground-water level. Such a condition must have obtained during the period of denudation which succeeded the deposition of the St. Louis limestone. Some solvent action must also have been inaugurated during the pre-Salem and post-Salem emergences but these were of limited duration. The growth of geodes, on the other hand, undoubtedly took place below ground-water level.
In the development of the geodes at least two periods of mineralization are involved. The first period of development was by far the most important. During this period of growth the quartz, chalcedony dolomite, and a considerable amount of the calcite together with almost all of the metallic sulphides were deposited. This period of mineralization possibly took place during the interval which just preceded the Pennsylvanian inundation. The region was certainly near base level at this time and the Keokuk beds must have been below ground-water level. The occurrence of geodes, supposedly derived from the Keokuk beds, in the basal Pennsylvanian conglomerate in Indiana, where similar conditions probably prevailed, supports this view.
Of the minerals of the second period of growth, transparent crystals of calcite and slender, untarnished flakes of pyrite are by far the most important. The minerals of this class are doubtless much younger than those of the former as suggested by the fact that in the same geode the pyrite associated with the newer calcite is often perfectly fresh while the earlier pyrite is badly decomposed.
The secondary minerals of the geodes such as limonite, gypsurn, smithsonite, and malachite are for the most part of much more recent origin. They have resulted from the alteration of the primary sulphides as shown by their association with the partially decomposed members of this group.
The bitumen which occurs in some of the geodes must have been introduced sometime after their formation, since it has not interfered with the normal geode development.
The process of geodization evidently consisted of the inward growth of crystals upon the inside walls of cavities left by the solution of the imbedded concretions. The growth was necessarily accomplished by deposition from a solution which tilled the-interior completely. As this solution became depleted in its mineral content, more was introduced by some process of diffusion and a continuous deposition resulted. In some instances a very impervious wall was developed and growth must have been extremely slow. But in the majority of geodes numerous feeding channels in the walls afforded ready passage to the solutions after they penetrated the siliceous shells.
The mineralogical variation of geodes which may occur in close proximity to each other is difficult to account for. It must either be assumed that the process of geodization was a very local one and that each individual geode possessed only a small sphere of attraction, or that a peculiar localization of conditions favored in some instances the deposition of mineral matter more widely diffused through the mineralizing solutions.

Keokuk Geode Region

Here is the text of an American Mineralogist Reprint. Includes a description of the Keokuk geode beds from 1917!



[PDF]FAMOUS MINERAL LOCALITIES. I. THE KEOKUK GEODE REGION

File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat

(Come on guys we need to do better than an image scanned PDF!!!  So I posted the text.) 



THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST 3
FAMOUS MINERAL LOCALITIES. I. THE KEOKUK
GEODE REGION
EDGAR T. WHERRY
Washington, D.C.
This paper represents the first of a series, one of which it is proposed to publish each month in this magazine. The object is to inform mineral collectors as to the present situation at localities from which in the past good specimens have been obtained. Contributions to this series are desired from any of our subscribers who are familiar with such localities

The writer began the study of minerals, and became acquainted with some f the public and private collections  in the city of Philadelphia, he was early impressed by the remarkable
geodes lined with quartz and other minerals labeled as coming from Keokuk, Iowa. Reading of the back numbers of the Mineral Collector disclosed the fact that these objects had attracted
much attention from collectors, and that many attempts had been made to explain their origin, without success. He looked forward to some day being able to visit the locality and see for himself how they occurred and some fifteen years later, in the spring of 1917, a trip to the West furnished an opportunity.

Meanwhile Professor Francis M . Van Tuyl, then at the University of Illinois, had taken up the study of this subject, written an elaborate account of the mode of occurrence of the geodes and proposed a theory of their origin.  The town of Keokuk is situated on the west bank of the
Mississippi River about 175 miles north of St. Louis, and 40 miles south of Burlington, Iowa, which is 200 miles west of Chicago, and is best reached by taking the Burlington Railroad
from one of these points. There would be nothing gained by giving exact schedules as the times of trains are subject to change, but there are at least two express trains per day in each direction,
which stop at Keokuk. Good hotel accommodations can be obtained there. One full day is ample time to visit the two best localities.

Although geodes occur in many places in the vicinity of Keokuk, the cliff behind the railroad station showing a few of them by way of welcome to the visiting mineralogist, the best locality is about a mile west of the station, and is reached by following Main Street northwestward to 10th St., turning southwest on the latter, crossing a ravine, and continuing to the valley of Soap Creek. On descending to the bank of this stream, and examining critically and destructively a few of the seeming cobblestones in its bed, the collector will soon discover the objects he is searching for. On ascending the stream in quest of their source, he will find a steep bank of shale dotted over with geodes of all sizes and conditions. An hour or two may be spent collecting here, but few specimens should be taken, space being reserved in the collecting bag for the results of the afternoon's trip.

Before the morning is over it will be well to tear one's self away from this locality, return to town, and take the interurban trolley car for Warsaw, Illinois, which lies across the Mississippi
from Keokuk, but in the same geological formations. Warsaw may also be reached from Peoria, Illinois, by the Toledo, Peoria and Western Railway, but this route is not to be recommended
if one's time is limited. From  Warsaw station go eastward up the hill as far as the lane extending off from the main street just before the High School is reached, a trip requiring perhaps 15 minutes. Follow this lane northwards down into the valley cut by a tiny stream, and get busy.

The uppermost bed exposed is a dark-colored shale containing a few small geodes lined with calcite, but a lighter colored rock beneath, exposed in the walls of the ravine for a short distance
downstream, is the Geode Bed proper. Geodes can be found here by the hundreds,-the writer obtained a barrel full for the National Museum in three hours, and all first class, complete
specimens at that. They occur in the stream bed, in the talus at the bottom of the cliffs, and in the rock ledges themselves.
Where loosened by the frost they can easily be pried out from the soft rock, and some of the finest examples can be obtained in this way.

Not by any means all of the round stones in sight are geodes, however, as the collector will learn by experience. Many may have been so once, but are now solidly filled with crystalline
quartz, and the absence of cleavage in this mineral is well illustrated by these. It is a good idea to lift a specimen before hitting it; the heaviness or lightness will usually give an indication as to how hard a blow may safely be struck, and, in doubtful cases ,listening for the rattling of loose fragments inside when the  stone is shaken, especially after a few light taps with the hammer
to loosen things up, is an excellent guide.

One of the most remarkable features of the occurrence of these geodes is the fact that those found side by side in the bed are so diverse in character. One may be thin-shelled and lined with
quartz, the next thick and lined with botryoidal  blue chalcedony, another with calcite crystals implanted on the quartz, and the next one solid or nearly so and yet all of these may be less than
an inch from one another. Dr. Van Tuyl discussed this point in his paper, and pointed out two possible explanations, which are noted in the abstract; the second is the more probable.

Every winter the frost brings down numerous geodes from the  cliffs, so at this locality the collector has no difficulty in getting something to take away; indeed the problem is rather what to
leave. It is safe to load up heavily, however, as the route from here on is down stream and down grade, the trolley track being finally reached at a point a thousand feet or so from the station,
where the results of the trip can be confided to the expressman.  The writer had an exciting experience here. He hired a horse and buggy, bought a barrel and some paper, drove down the
lane from the high school nearly to the stream, and loaded up. The barrel was filled in time to make the trip back to the station comfortably but on driving up the rough road the barrel fell out,
and the whole job of packing had to be done over again. He reached the station and completed the freight shipment just one minute before the last car connecting with the train he planned
to take left for Keokuk.

The writer was able to make the trip in the manner described, without waste of time in searching for the best localities, thru the kind advice and assistance of Professor Francis M. Van
Tuyl and his brother, Mr. John E. Van Tuyl, of the Wilkinson Drug Co., in Keokuk, and takes this opportunity to thank them most heartily, and thru this article to extend similar aid to collectors who may pass that way in the future.

Here is the google link to this article.

DRC 2.0 Walk Through: Image Capture Screen

Here is the updated Image Capture Screen.
Linked to Mineral List, Mineral Seatch, and Periodic Table screens.
(This was included in DRC 2.0.026 Update).

Viriginia Minerals Publications

From VA Div of Geology and Mineral Resources: Virginia Minerals

Issues of Virginia Minerals contain articles on mineral resources and industries, geologic studies, road log descriptions of geologic features, mineral and fossil characteristics, topographic mapping and DGMR activities.

NO.	PUBLICATION NAME/DESCRIPTION
VOL 51, NO. 1 & 2	Trends in the depth, yield, and water quality of wells in Virginia related to geologic conditions, 2008.	Download
VOL 50, NO. 3 & 4	Characterization of variably lithified feldspathic sands in the inner Coastal Plain and Fall Zone, 2007.	Download
VOL 50, NO. 2	The Allah Cooper (Valcooper) mine revisited, 2007.	Download
VOL 50, NO. 1	Kipps' Lime-Magnesia, 2007.	Download
VOL. 49, NO. 3 & 4	Eocene igneous rocks near Monterey, Virginia: A field study, 2006.	Download
VOL. 49, NO. 1 & 2	Bettie Martin iron mine and Old's furnace North Garden, Virginia, 2006.	Download
VOL. 48, NO. 4	A preliminary investigation of the Chimborazo Hill landslide of August 30, 2004, 2005.	Download
VOL. 48, NO. 2 & 3	A guide to the educational rock and mineral garden: Samples of Virginia's geological diversity, 2002.	Download
VOL. 48, NO. 1	Use of coal combustion products in Virginia, 2002.	Download
VOL. 47, NO. 4	Geology and history of Confederate saltpeter cave operations in western Virginia, 2001.	Download
VOL. 47, NO. 3	Some of Virginia's imported and exported mineral commodities and products, 2001.	Download
VOL. 47, NO. 2	Reference section of the Cambrian-age Rome Formation to Ordovician-age Mascot Dolomite measured near Gate City, Virginia, 2001.	Download
VOL. 47, NO. 1	Analyses of carbonate rocks in the Virginia portion of the Middlesboro 1:100,000 sheet, 2001.	Download
VOL. 46, NO. 4	Lightning creates a Virginia fulgurite, 2000. A chronological listing of Virginia Minerals articles - 1954-2000.	Download
VOL. 46, NO. 3	Structure and tectonics field trip to the eastern Blue Ridge and western Piedmont near Martinsville, Virginia, 2000.	Download
VOL. 46, NO. 2	The Morefield pegmatite, Amelia, Virginia, Mineral Update, 2000.	Download
VOL. 46, NO. 1	Geology and history of the Confederate coal mines in Montgomery County, Virginia, 2000.	Download
VOL. 45, NO. 4	The Culpeper Basin, 1999.	Download
VOL. 45, NO. 3	Vein quartz in Virginia, 1999.	Download
VOL. 45, NO. 2	Addressing mineral resources in comprehensive planning, 1999.	Download
VOL. 45, NO. 1	Mammoth tooth found in Endless Caverns, Virginia, 1999. Coordinate systems used on Virginia's topographic maps Mineral Update: Chrysoberyl Virginia Mineral Resources: 1998	Download
VOL. 44, NO. 4	Geology and history of the Civil War iron industry in the New River-Cripple Creek District of Southwest Virginia, 1998.	Download
VOL. 44, NO. 3	History of brick in Charlottesville and Albemarle County, 1998.	Download
VOL. 44, NO. 2	Mining and processing by-product resources in Virginia, 1998.	Download
VOL. 44, NO. 1	The Cold Spring and related clay deposits along the western slope of the central Blue Ridge in Virginia, 1998.	Download
VOL. 43, NO. 4	Geology and the Civil War in southwestern Virginia: Union Raiders in the New River valley, May 1864, 1997.	Download
VOL. 43, NO. 3	Virginia mining 1995: An eleven and one-half billion dollar industry, 1997.	Download
VOL. 43, NO. 2	Ancient Warm Springs deposits in Bath and Rockingham Counties, Virginia, 1997.	Download
VOL. 43, NO. 1	SEM and EMX study of titaniferous minerals in the Ordovician Deike K-bentonite of southwestern Virginia, 1997.	Download
VOL. 42, NO. 4	Diamonds in Virginia, 1996.	Download
VOL. 42, NO. 3	Geology and the Civil War in southwestern Virginia: The Smyth County Salt Works, 1996.	Download
VOL. 42, NO. 2	Geology and the Civil War in southwestern Virginia: The Wythe County Lead Mines, 1996.	Download
VOL. 42, NO. 1	Catalog of Virginia oil and gas well samples, 1996.	Download
VOL. 41, NO. 4	The highest mountain in Virginia: Mt. Rogers and Whitetop or...Balsam and Meadow Mountains?, 1995.	Download
VOL. 41, NO. 3	Cadmium, Gallium, and Germanium resources in Virginia, 1995.	Download
VOL. 41, NO. 2	Update on unreported occurrences of gold-silver in Virginia, 1995.	Download
VOL. 41, NO. 1	Coalbed methane in Virginia, 1995.
VOL. 40, NO. 3/4	Grenville-age ultramafic plutons in the northern Virginia Blue Ridge, 1994. Notes on ancient logs, Alleghany County, Virginia
VOL. 40, NO. 1/2	Minerals of Rockbridge County, Virginia, 1994.	Download
VOL. 39, NO. 4	Field guide to the Ordovician Walker Mountain Sandstone Member: Proposed type section and other exposures, 1993.	Download
VOL. 39, NO. 3	Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy Division of Mineral Resources - The State Geological Survey, 1993. Mineral update: Goyazite.	Download
VOL. 39, NO. 1/2	Interesting uses of stone in Virginia part II, 1993.	Download
VOL. 38, NO. 4	Interesting uses of stone in Virginia part I, 1992.	Download
VOL. 38, NO. 3	Gemstones and decorative-ornamental stones of Virginia, 1992.	Download
VOL. 38, NO. 2	Mineral collecting sites in Virginia, 1992. Mineral update: Rockbridgite Pyromorphite from the Morefield mine, Amelia County, Virginia Prosopite from the Morefield mine, Amelia County, Virginia Large spessartine garnet discovery	Download
VOL. 38, NO. 1	Large andalusite crystals from Campbell County, Virginia, 1992.	Download
VOL. 37, NO. 4	Balcony Falls, 1991 The charcoal iron industry in Virginia Mineral update: Strengite from the Morefield mine	Download
VOL. 37, NO. 3	Available coal resources of the Wise 7.5-minute quadrangle, Virginia, 1991. Potential geologic hazards - Sinkhole assessment	Download
VOL. 37, NO. 2	Natural Radiation, 1991. Mineral update: Erythrite	Download
VOL. 37, NO. 1	Precious-metal mines, prospects, and occurrences in Virginia - an update, 1991. Potential geological hazards - Expansive soils	Download
VOL. 36, NO. 4	Mineral industry in Virginia - 1989, 1990.	Download
VOL. 36, NO. 3	The geology of Natural Tunnel State Park, 1990.	Download
VOL. 36, NO. 2	Non-bauxitic alumina resources in Virginia, 1990.	Download
VOL. 36, NO. 1	Oil and gas exploration and development in Virginia, 1979-1988, 1990.	Download
VOL. 35, NO. 4	Mineral resource production in Virginia - 1988, 1989.	Download
VOL. 35, NO. 3	Estimates of the occurrence and resulting effects of damaging earthquakes in Virginia, 1989.	Download
VOL. 35, NO. 2	Reorganization of the Division of Mineral Resources, 1989.	Download
VOL. 35, NO. 1	American Institute of Professional Geologists abstracts from annual meeting, 1989.	Download
VOL. 34, NO. 4	Geology and the slate industry in the Arvonia district, Buckingham County, Virginia, 1988. Symposium abstracts (American Association of State Geologists and U. S. Minerals Management Service, 1988) The Richard Scott Mitchell Memorial Virginia Mineral collection	Download
VOL. 34, NO. 3	Scenic Landforms of Virginia, 1988.	Download
VOL. 34, NO. 2	Uppermost Cambrian and lowest Ordovician conodont and trilobite biostratigraphy in northwestern Virginia, 1988.	Download
VOL. 34, NO. 1	On Radon, 1988. Mineral update: Plume Agate from Warren County, Virginia Mineral and energy resources of southwest Virginia	Download
VOL. 33, NO. 4	Geology of the Carolina stone quarry, 1987. Carbonate materials suitable for desulfurization of flue gas Minerals in high-level gravel deposits along the Fall Zone of Virginia	Download
VOL. 33, NO. 3	Geology of the Briery Creek Triassic basin, Virginia, 1987.	Download
VOL. 33, NO. 2	Pyrite and other minerals from Barger's quarry near Lexington, Virginia, 1987. Highest mountains of the Commonwealth	Download
VOL. 33, NO. 1	Virginia Mineral Locality Index, 1987. Mineral update: Brucite from Highland County, Virginia	Download
VOL. 32, NO. 4	Virginia's Lime Industry, 1986. Mineral update: large Andalusite crystals from Virginia	Download
VOL. 32, NO. 3	Coal-in-water: Fuel of the future?, 1986. Fredericksburg's Battlefield Granite Mineral update: Molybdenite and Pentlandite	Download
VOL. 32, NO. 2	Morefield pegmatite mine reopens - Virginia's only active underground gem mine, 1986. Mineral update: large Cassiterite crystal found in Powhatan County, Virginia	Download
VOL. 32, NO. 1	Virginia's industrial silica resources, 1986. Mineral update: Trolleite	Download
VOL. 31, NO. 4	Additional gold mines, prospects, and occurrences in Virginia, 1985.	Download
VOL. 31, NO. 3	Mineral and fossil collecting sites in Virginia, 1985.	Download
VOL. 31, NO. 2	Mineralogy and chemistry of gold in the Virgilina District, Halifax County, Virginia, 1985. The Piney Point Formation along the Pamunkey River, Virginia Coastal Plain	Download
VOL. 31, NO. 1	Travertine-marl deposits of the Valley and Ridge Province of Virginia - A preliminary report, 1985. Refractory grade dolomite in Virginia Mineral update: Anglesite, Sphalerite, and Brochantite	Download
VOL. 30, NO. 4	Uranium and thorium mineralization of the northern half of the Horseshoe Mountain quadrangle, Nelson County, Virginia, 1984. Characteristics and economic potential of an upland fluvial terrace, Buckingham County, Virginia Mineral update: Sphalerite from Amherst County	Download
VOL. 30, NO. 3	Mineral production in Virginia for 1982, 1984.	Download
VOL. 30, NO. 2	The Middle and Late Pleistocene stratigraphy of the outer coastal plain, southeast Virginia, 1984. Mineral update: Gold and silver rediscovered in old Amherst County mine	Download
VOL. 30, NO. 1	Historical background of energy policy: federal response to the energy problem, 1984. Mineral update: Covellite and pseudomorphs of Goethite after Pyrite Oil and Gas news	Download
VOL. 29, NO. 4	Narrows landslide, Giles County, Virginia, 1983. Oil and Gas projects in Virginia Mineral update: Cobaltite and Millerite	Download
VOL. 29, NO. 3	Virginia's Mineral Industry, 1983. Geologic displays in Virginia	Download
VOL. 29, NO. 2	Strontium minerals from Wise County, Virginia - An Update, 1983. Farmville Lithia Springs	Download
VOL. 29, NO. 1	Large gem topaz crystal discovery, 1983. Commercial caverns and related features in Virginia Old King coal Large quartz crystals from Rockingham County	Download
VOL. 28, NO. 4	Gold occurrences in Virginia - An Update, 1982.	Download
VOL. 28, NO. 3	Geology and mineral resources of the Farmville Triassic basin, Virginia, 1982.	Download
VOL. 28, NO. 2	Geothermal energy for eastern United States, 1982.	Download
VOL. 28, NO. 1	Industrial rock and mineral resources in Virginia, 1982.	Download
VOL. 27, NO. 4	Gas plays in overthrust belts: Activity in Virginia is increasing, 1981.	Download
VOL. 27, NO. 3	Field guide to selected Paleozoic rocks, Valley and Ridge Province, Virginia, 1981. Part I - Roanoke, Clifton Forge, Front Royal areas Part II - Area north of Abingdon along US58A/19M	Download
VOL. 27, NO. 2	Blue quartz in Virginia, 1981.	Download
VOL. 27, NO. 1	Natural gas in Virginia, 1981.	Download
VOL. 26, NO. 4	Soft sediment deformations within clasts of the Liberty Hall Formation, 1980. Mineral dependability vs mineral vulnerability	Download
VOL. 26, NO. 3	Process of gold recovery in Virginia, 1980.	Download
VOL. 26, NO. 2	Geologic research in Virginia, 1980.	Download
VOL. 26, NO. 1	Road log of the geology of the Abingdon and Shady Valley quadrangles, 1980. AIME Abstracts	Download
VOL. 25, NO. 4	Mineral fuels in the 1980's and 1990's, 1979. New cave protection act	Download
VOL. 25, NO. 3	Gamma ray spectrometry and geology mapping, 1979.	Download
VOL. 25, NO. 2	Radioactivity surveys, 1979.	Download
VOL. 25, NO. 1	Summary of coal resources in Virginia, 1979.	Download
VOL. 24, NO. 4	Seismic hazard in Virginia, 1978. Potholes	Download
VOL. 24, NO. 3	State geologist retires, 1978. Oil and gas development in Virginia during 1977	Download
VOL. 24, NO. 2	The mineral industry of Virginia in 1976, 1978. The mineral industry of Virginia in 1977 (preliminary data) Replenishing non-renewable mineral resources - a paradox Basement wells in the Coastal Plain of Virginia	Download
VOL. 24, NO. 1	Syntectonic deposition of Lower to Middle Silurian sandstones, central Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, 1977.	Download
VOL. 23, NO. 4	Oil and gas development in Virginia during 1976, 1977. Trace elements in stream sediments derived from the Catoctin Formation, northern Virginia	Download
VOL. 23, NO. 3	The Carters Bridge, Virginia Earthquake of February 27, 1977, 1977. Geological Abstracts: Virginia Section of the Society of Mining	Download
VOL. 23, NO. 2	Geochemical reconnaissance for gold in the Caledonia and Pendleton quadrangles in the Piedmont of central Virginia, 1977.	Download
VOL. 23, NO. 1	On Earthquakes, 1977. The mineral industry of Virginia in 1975 - Advance Summary The mineral industry of Virginia in 1976 (Preliminary Data) An unusual octahedral fluorite, stilbite, laumontite, calcite and quartz assemblage in Danville, Virginia	Download
VOL. 22, NO. 4	Reinterpretation of the geology of Brooks Gap, Rockingham County, Virginia, 1976. Oil and gas development in Virginia during 1975.	Download
VOL. 22, NO. 3	Abandoned copper mines and prospects in the Virgilina district, Virginia, 1976.	Download
VOL. 22, NO. 2	Road log of the geology in the northern Appalachian Valley of Virginia, 1976.	Download
VOL. 22, NO. 1	The mineral industry of Virginia in 1974 - Advance Summary, 1976. The mineral industry of Virginia in 1975 (Preliminary Data) List of road logs of Virginia geology Silver in Virginia Your house comes out of a mine	Download
VOL. 21, NO. 4	Road log of the geology from Madison to Cumberland Counties in the Piedmont, central Virginia, 1975.	Download
VOL. 21, NO. 3	Oil and gas development in Virginia during 1974, 1975. Pre-emptive land use - it's impact on the mineral base
VOL. 21, NO. 2	The nuclear controversy: the view from Britain, 1975. Utilization of subsurface information in the Coastal Plain of Virginia	Download
VOL. 21, NO. 1	Road log to some abandoned gold mines of the gold-pyrite belt, northeastern Virginia, 1975. The energy supply situation	Download
VOL. 20, NO. 4	The mineral industry of Virginia in 1973 - Advance Summary, 1974. Index to Virginia Minerals - Vol. 11, No. 1 - Vol. 20, No. 4	Download
VOL. 20, NO. 3	Meteorites of Virginia, 1974.	Download
VOL. 20, NO. 2	Notes on some abandoned copper, lead, and zinc mines in the Piedmont of Virginia, 1974.	Download
VOL. 20, NO. 1	Mineral and fossil collecting sites in Virginia, 1974.	Download
VOL. 19, NO. 4	Field trip across the Blue Ridge anticlinorium, Smith River allochthon, Sauratown Mountains anticlinorium near Martinsville, Virginia, 1973.	Download
VOL. 19, NO. 3	Geologic maps, their preparation and use, 1973.	Download
VOL. 19, NO. 2	1972 United States energy position, 1973. 1972 United States energy use Topographic maps - vacation helpers	Download
VOL. 19, NO. 1	Topographic maps for the Commonwealth, 1973. Ground magnetic survey, outer Coastal Plain, southeastern Virginia The mineral industry of Virginia in 1972	Download
VOL. 18, NO. 4	What mining means to the United States, 1972. Index to geologic mapping in Virginia: 1961-1971 The mineral industry of Virginia in 1971 - Advance Summary	Download
VOL. 18, NO. 3	Environment and environmental geology, 1972.	Download
VOL. 18, NO. 2	Additional Pleistocene mollusks of Virginia, 1972.	Download
VOL. 18, NO. 1	Deep test in Accomack County, Virginia, 1972. Large subsurface potential of low-sulfur Pocahontas #3 coal, southwest Virginia	Download
VOL. 17, NO. 4	Our mineral heritage - overindulgence or self-denial, 1971.	Download
VOL. 17, NO. 3	Gold mines and prospects in Virginia, 1971.	Download
VOL. 17, NO. 2	Road log of the geology of Frederick County, Virginia, 1971. Oil and gas development in Virginia during 1970	Download
VOL. 17, NO. 1	Gem stones, 1971. Nature, not only man, degrades environment Melanterite-rozenite-pyrrhotite occurrence in Carroll County, Virginia The mineral industry of Virginia in 1970 (Preliminary Data)	Download
VOL. 16, NO. 4	Mechanical well-logging methods, 1970.	Download
VOL. 16, NO. 3	Gravity survey of Northampton and Accomack County, Virginia, 1970.	Download
VOL. 16, NO. 2	Mineral resource development, 1970. Oil and gas development in Virginia during 1969	Download
VOL. 16, NO. 1	Road log - storm damaged areas in central Virginia, 1970. The mineral industry of Virginia in 1969 (Preliminary Data)	Download
Special Issue	Natural features caused by a catastrophic storm in Nelson & Amherst Counties, Virginia, 1969.	Download
VOL. 15, NO. 4	The mineral industry of Virginia in 1968, 1969.	Download
VOL. 15, NO. 3	Road logs - Staunton, Churchville, Greenville, and Stuarts Draft quadrangles, 1969.	Download
VOL. 15, NO. 2	Aerial photographs in Virginia, 1969. Oil and gas development in Virginia during 1968	Download
VOL. 15, NO. 1	Coking industry in Virginia, 1969. The mineral industry of Virginia in 1968 (Preliminary Data)	Download
VOL. 14, NO. 4	The mineral industry of Virginia in 1967, 1968.	Download
VOL. 14, NO. 3	Ground water fluctuations in Virginia, 1968.	Download
VOL. 14, NO. 2	Magnetometer study in the Leesburg quadrangle, 1968. Oil and gas development in Virginia during 1967	Download
VOL. 14, NO. 1	Topographic maps and their uses, 1968.	Download
VOL. 13, NO. 4	The mineral industry of Virginia in 1966, 1967.	Download
VOL. 13, NO. 3	Reclamation of depleted sand and gravel sites in eastern Virginia, 1967.	Download
VOL. 13, NO. 2	Oil and gas development in Virginia during 1966, 1967. Pleistocene Gastropoda of Virginia	Download
VOL. 13, NO. 1	Virginia's contribution to the Kyanite-Mullite industry, 1967. The mineral industry of Virginia in 1966 (Preliminary Data) Ground water level fluctuations Riebeckite occurrences in southwest Virginia	Download
VOL. 12, NO. 4	The mineral industry of Virginia in 1965, 1966. Predicted lowering of artesian water levels south of the James River	Download
VOL. 12, NO. 3	Renewed interest in heavy minerals, 1966. Pleistocene Pelecypoda of Virginia	Download
VOL. 12, NO. 2	The mineral industry of Virginia in 1965, 1966. Projected value of mineral production Management of water resources Oil and gas development in Virginia during 1965	Download
VOL. 12, NO. 1	The mineral industry of Virginia in 1964, 1966. Deepest well in Virginia	Download
VOL. 11, NO. 4	Suggestions for prospecting for evaporite deposits in SW Virginia, 1965. Anhyrdrite in the Rome Formation Large-scale shell production form Hampton Roads	Download
VOL. 11, NO. 3	Diatomaceous sediments in Virginia, 1965. Martinsburg Formation in west-central Virginia	Download
VOL. 11, NO. 2	John W. Flannagan Dam - the prepaid dam, 1965. Oil and gas development in Virginia during 1964	Download
VOL. 11, NO. 1	The mineral industry of Virginia in 1963, 1965. The mineral industry of Virginia in 1964 (Preliminary Data) Beatrice Pocahontas mine, Buchanan County, Virginia	Download
VOL. 10, NO. 4	Everona Formation in the northern Piedmont, Virginia, 1964	Download
VOL. 10, NO. 3	Iron and titanium mineral pigments in Virginia, 1964.	Download
VOL. 10, NO. 2	Natural Bridge and vicinity, 1964. Cuprite from Albemarle County	Download
VOL. 10, NO. 1	Tolley's Cave, 1964. Chemical analyses - eastern Albemarle and western Fluvanna Counties	Download
VOL. 9, NO. 4	The mineral industry of Virginia in 1962, 1963.	Download
VOL. 9, NO. 3	Lightweight aggregate industry in Virginia, 1963.	Download
VOL. 9, NO. 2	Geologic mapping (indices for 1931-1960), 1963.	Download
VOL. 9, NO. 1	Topographic mapping, 1963. The mineral industry of Virginia in 1962	Download
VOL. 8, NO. 4	The mineral industry of Virginia in 1961, 1962.	Download
VOL. 8, NO. 3	Selected Tertiary fossil localities of the Virginia coastal plain, 1962. Age determination (Buckingham & Fluvanna Counties)	Download
VOL. 8, NO. 2	Structural clay products industry, 1962. Survey completed in southwest Virginia	Download
VOL. 8, NO. 1	Airborne magnetometer survey for Southwest Virginia, 1962. Recommendation for topographic mapping Fluoride in well waters of the Virginia Coastal Plain The mineral industry of Virginia in 1961	Download
VOL. 7, NO. 4	Utilization of rock materials in the lower Chesapeake Bay bridge-tunnel, 1961. Age of biotite from the Columbia Granite Summary of oil and gas well drilling; first half - 1961	Download
VOL. 7, NO. 3	Highlights in the Virginia Coal industry, 1961. Oil and gas exploration in eastern Virginia Underground storage of liquid propane	Download
VOL. 7, NO. 2	Talc, soapstone, and related stone deposits of Virginia, 1961.	Download
VOL. 7, NO. 1	Botanical prospecting for ore deposits, 1961. The mineral industry of Virginia in 1960	Download
VOL. 6, NO. 4	Strontium minerals from Wise County, Virginia, 1960.	Download
VOL. 6, NO. 3	Unique fossils from Virginia, 1960.	Download
VOL. 6, NO. 2	The search for mineral adequacy, 1960. The mineral industry of Virginia in 1959 (preliminary data)	Download
VOL. 6, NO. 1	The mineral industry of Virginia in 1958 review, 1960.	Download
VOL. 5, NO. 4	A summary of ground water conditions in the Piedmont Province of Virginia, 1959.	Download
VOL. 5, NO. 3	Topographic mapping in Virginia, 1959.	Download
VOL. 5, NO. 2	A review of oil and gas in Virginia, 1959.	Download
VOL. 5, NO. 1	The mineral industry in Virginia in 1957, 1959.	Download
VOL. 4, NO. 4	New equipment, 1958.	Download
VOL. 4, NO. 3	Directory of rock and mineral producers, 1958.	Download
VOL. 4, NO. 2	Lime industry in Virginia, 1958.	Download
VOL. 4, NO. 1	New titanium plant, 1958.	Download
VOL. 3, NO. 4	The geologists role in Highway Engineering, 1957.	Download
VOL. 3, NO. 3	Announcement of the Division of Mineral Resources of the Department of Conservation Objectives of the Division, 1957. The mineral industry of Virginia in 1956 (preliminary data)	Download
VOL. 3, NO. 2	Mineral collecting in Virginia, 1957.	Download
VOL. 3, NO. 1	Vermiculite, 1957.	Download
VOL. 2, NO. 4	Spelunking in Virginia, 1956.	Download
VOL. 2, NO. 3	Geophysical surveying, 1956.	Download
VOL. 2, NO. 1	Sulphides in Virginia, 1956.	Download
VOL. 1, NO. 5	Current manganese operations in Virginia, 1955.	Download
VOL. 1, NO. 4	Uranium in Virginia, 1955.	Download
VOL. 1, NO. 3	Ground water in Piedmont, Virginia, 1955.	Download
VOL. 1, NO. 2	Virginia's oil and gas resources, 1955.	Download
VOL. 1, NO. 1	A summary of Virginia's mineral resources, 1955.	Download